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Silicone Performance and Applications

Release time:

2016-02-29 08:38

Silicone Performance and Applications
Silicone Performance and Applications

I. Definition

II. Application Fields

1. Rubber industry; 2. Coatings industry; 3. Cosmetics industry; 4. Aerospace industry; 5. Automotive industry; 6. Fiber industry; 7. Construction engineering; 8. Medical supplies and food industry; 9. Paper and pulp industry

III. Characteristics

Bond length:

Si-C 188 pm

Si-O 163 pm

C-C 152 pm

Bond energy:

Si-C 347.0 kJ/mol

Si-O 422.5 kJ/mol

C-C 344.4 kJ/mol

1. The rotational free energy barriers for Si-O and Si-C bonds are low;

2. Low glass transition temperature (≤100℃);

3. Low intermolecular forces;

4. Wider molecular spacing;

5. High air permeability;

6. Physical properties change little with temperature.

IV. Classification

V. Typical Chemical Structures

1. Silicone Oil (chain structure)

2. Silicon Resin (network structure)

3. Silicone Rubber (partially crosslinked structure)

6. The four basic units of the chemical structure of silicone oil

7. Synthesis of Silicone Oil

8. Classification of Silicone Oils

1. Non-reactive silicone oil:

Dimethyl, methylphenyl, diphenyl, alkyl, quaternary ammonium, fluorine-containing, alkoxy, polyether, and others.

2. Reactive silicone oil:

Hydroxyl group, amino group, hydrogen, hydroxyalkyl group, ester group, epoxy group, esterified hydroxyl group, vinyl group, and others.

3. Dimethyl silicone oil: It has the largest usage and the widest range of applications.

The Relationship Between Molecular Weight and Viscosity of Dimethyl Silicone Oil

Domestic: 201 series; DOW CORNING: PMX-200 series; WACKER: AK series; SHINETSU: KF series.

4. Phenyl silicone oil

Some methyl groups are substituted by phenyl groups, depending on the different phenyl content:

(1) Low-phenyl silicone oil (phenyl molar fraction: 5%-10%);

(2) Diphenyl silicone oil (phenyl molar fraction 25%);

(3) High-phenyl silicone oil (phenyl molar fraction 45%);

(4) High-phenyl, low-polymerization-degree silicone oil (phenyl molar fraction exceeding 45%);

(5) Crosslinked phenyl silicone oil.

As the phenyl content increases, the material exhibits improved resistance to high temperatures, radiation, lubricity, and solubility, but its low-temperature resistance decreases.

5. Vinyl silicone oil

6. Hydrogen-containing silicone oil

7. Hydroxy silicone oil

8. Amino silicone oil

Amino groups exhibit excellent affinity with most substrates; they are capable of crosslinking and can undergo end-group reactions.

9. Structure and Properties of Silicones

-CH3 Methyl PDMS, infrastructure, special surface properties, electrical insulation, heat resistance
-C6H6 Phenyl High refractive index, high-temperature resistance, radiation resistance
-CnH2n+1 Alkyl Colorable, lubricity, organic compatibility, release properties
-(EO)x(PO)y Polyether Surface activity, hydrophilicity, water solubility
CH2CH2CF3 Fluoropropyl Organic incompatibility, stability, lubricity, oleophobicity
-OH Hydroxyl group Reactive, Polar, Room-Temperature Silicone Rubber Structure Control Agents and Chain Extenders
NH2 Amino group Reactive, softening, textile softening agent
N+H3 Quaternary ammonium Reactive, hydrophilic
H Hydrogen Reactive
ROH Hydroxyalkyl Reactive
RCOOR Ester group Lubricity
  Epoxy group Reactivity, softness
Ma & Others Esterified hydroxyl group Reactive
CH=CH2 Vinyl Reactive, production-grade liquid silicone rubber—base formulation for addition-curing silicone gels

10. Properties and Applications of Silicone

11. Production share of different types of silicone oil in China, 2014

(1) Foreign manufacturers: Dow Corning (USA), Wacker (Germany), Shin-Etsu (Japan), Momentive (USA), Rhodia (France).

(2) Domestic manufacturers: Lanzhou Xinghuo Jiangxi, Zhejiang Xin’an Chemical, Yichang Kolin Silicon Materials, Guangzhou Tianci Organosilicon, Shandong Dayi Chemical, Jiaxing Korey Organosilicon, Guangdong Biaomei Silicone Fluorine, Zhejiang Hengye Cheng, Shandong Dongyue.

12. Comparison of UV Resins with Different Types of Silicone Oil

Types Thiol-vinyl Acrylate-based Styryl Vinyl ether Epoxy group
Functional group
Mechanism Free radical Free radical Free radical Free radicals, cations Cation
Curing rate Quick Quick Slower Quick Slower
Oxygen inhibition Lower Higher Lower Lower None
Smell Smell of rotten eggs Lower odor Highly volatile, with a strong toxic odor. Low toxicity, low odor Low toxicity, low odor
Cost Higher Lower Low Higher Lower
Shrinkage rate Larger Larger Larger small Very small

13. Recommended UV Silicone Resin

  B-828 B-818
Appearance Semi-transparent liquid Clear and transparent liquid
Acid value ≤3 mg KOH/g ≤ 2 mg KOH/g
Viscosity 15,000–20,000 cps/30℃ 5000–10000 cps/30℃
Solid content ≥ 95% ≥ 95%
Features B-828 is a silicone-modified polyurethane acrylate oligomer with an effective solids content approaching 100% and containing no solvents. It exhibits high UV-curing activity. The incorporation of silicone components can rapidly reduce the surface tension of the system, and even a small addition to the formulation can significantly enhance the mirror-like leveling effect of the coating film. When used as the main resin, a high-gloss formulation offers oil resistance and anti-graffiti performance, while a matte formulation ensures more uniform matting and provides a smooth, silky touch. B-818 is a specially formulated UV resin modified with organic silicon, solvent-free, and featuring high UV-curing activity, excellent compatibility, and resistance to yellowing. The cured coating exhibits high hardness as well as outstanding resistance to graffiti, scrubbing with steel wool, and abrasion. The incorporation of organic silicon components can rapidly reduce the surface tension of the system, enhancing the mirror-like leveling effect of the coating film. When used as the main resin, it not only provides oil-resistant and graffiti-proof properties as well as resistance to steel-wool abrasion, but also ensures more uniform matting in matte systems and imparts a smooth, silky touch.

 

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