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The core materials that make up UV wood coatings

Release time:

2026-03-09 07:23

The core materials that make up UV wood coatings

The secret behind why UV wood coatings can instantly cure into a film under ultraviolet light, forming a high‑performance coating that boasts both hardness, toughness, and weather resistance, lies in the precise combination and synergistic interaction of multiple core materials. From film‑forming agents to energy absorbers, from viscosity modifiers to functional additives, each material plays an irreplaceable role within this photochemical reaction system.

1. Resin

Resin is the largest component in UV wood coatings and serves as the film‑forming substance that determines the fundamental properties of the coating. The chemical structure of the resin directly influences the coating’s hardness, flexibility, adhesion, chemical resistance, and weathering resistance.

Epoxy acrylic resins cure quickly, exhibit high hardness, and offer excellent chemical resistance, making them ideal for primers and topcoats that demand superior abrasion resistance. However, their flexibility is relatively limited, and using them alone can easily lead to brittle coatings. Polyurethane acrylic resins combine outstanding flexibility with exceptional weathering resistance; because aliphatic polyurethane acrylates do not contain benzene ring structures, their yellowing resistance is significantly better than that of aromatic products, making them particularly well suited for coating light-colored wood and outdoor applications. Polyester acrylic resins, on the other hand, excel in adhesion, film fullness, and pigment wetting, and are often formulated in combination with other resins to achieve a balanced performance profile.

In actual formulations, a single resin often struggles to meet all performance requirements, making the use of multi‑resin blends a common technical approach. By blending different types of resins in specific proportions, it’s possible to strike a balance between hardness and flexibility, or to enhance adhesion performance.

2. Photoinitiators

Photoinitiators are the key components that enable UV wood coatings to undergo photopolymerization. Their function is to absorb light energy under ultraviolet irradiation, generating active species that then trigger polymerization reactions in the resin. Although they account for only a small proportion in the formulation, the selection of photoinitiators directly determines the efficiency and quality of curing.

When ultraviolet light shines on the coating surface, the photoinitiator in the photo‑initiation system absorbs the energy of photons, transitioning from the ground state to the excited state and generating active species such as free radicals or cations. These active species possess extremely high energy and reactivity, enabling them to rapidly undergo polymerization reactions with unsaturated functional groups in the film‑forming base material, thereby forming large‑molecular polymers with a three‑dimensional network structure. As the reaction progresses, the coating gradually loses its fluidity and ultimately hardens into a rigid paint film.

The efficiency of a photoinitiator system directly affects the curing speed and curing quality of coatings. A highly efficient photoinitiator system can generate sufficient active species within a short time, enabling rapid coating curing and boosting production efficiency. At the same time, it ensures uniform curing throughout the paint film, preventing issues such as incomplete curing or localized over‑curing, thereby guaranteeing that the paint film exhibits excellent physicochemical properties.

3. Reactive Diluents

Adjusting the viscosity of coatings is one of the most important functions of reactive diluents. An appropriate viscosity is crucial for the coating’s application performance. If the coating viscosity is too high, it will be difficult to apply, leading to issues such as poor leveling and obvious brush marks; if the viscosity is too low, the coating will easily run, making it impossible to form a uniform film on the wood surface. Reactive additives can adjust the coating’s viscosity according to different application requirements, giving it excellent flow properties and ease of application, thereby facilitating construction operations.

The selection of reactive diluents must take into account factors such as viscosity, dilution efficiency, curing speed, and shrinkage. As environmental regulations become increasingly stringent, low‑irritation, low‑odor products are receiving growing attention. Chemical modification can significantly reduce irritation while simultaneously enhancing curing performance.

In addition, active adjusting components can also directly participate in the curing reaction, thereby influencing the performance of the paint film. By carefully selecting and proportioning these active adjusting components, it is possible to fine‑tune properties such as film hardness, flexibility, and abrasion resistance, meeting the diverse application requirements of various wood products.

IV. Additives

Although additives are used in small quantities in formulations, they play a crucial role in regulating the storage stability of coatings, their application performance, and the final film properties. These additives include leveling agents, defoamers, wetting and dispersing agents, and more.

Defoamers are used to eliminate bubbles generated during paint production and coating application, thereby preventing defects such as pinholes and craters in the coating. Wetting and dispersing agents promote the uniform dispersion of pigments and fillers within the paint, helping to prevent flocculation and sedimentation. Leveling agents reduce the surface tension of the paint, facilitating even spreading of the coating film before drying and eliminating surface defects. Thixotropic agents regulate the rheological behavior of the paint, preventing sagging during application on vertical surfaces.

V. Summary

The core material system of UV wood coatings consists of four major components: resin, photoinitiator, reactive diluent, and additives. The resin sets the fundamental performance characteristics of the coating, the photoinitiator controls the critical moment of energy conversion, the reactive diluent balances application and curing, and the additives ensure a flawless final finish. These four materials each play their own role while working in synergy to deliver the outstanding overall performance of UV wood coatings.

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Bo Xing Recommended Products – UV Wood Coatings
Putty primer
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-113	Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate	High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA.
B-520	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, high gloss, excellent wettability, and cost-effective.
B-522	Polyester acrylate	Low shrinkage, excellent flexibility, strong adhesion, and high cost performance.
Sanding Primer
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-113	Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate	High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA.
B-160D	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility, yellowing resistance, and strong adhesion.
B-163	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility, excellent pigment wetting, and strong adhesion.
B-520	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, high gloss, excellent wettability, and cost-effective.
B-522	Polyester acrylate	Low shrinkage, excellent flexibility, strong adhesion, and high cost performance.
Primer
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-02	Phosphate ester acrylate	Enhance adhesion to substrates such as metal, glass, and plastic.
B-05	Phosphate ester acrylate	Enhance adhesion to substrates such as metal, glass, and plastic.
B-113	Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate	High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA.
B-165	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility and strong adhesion.
B-522	Polyester acrylate	Low shrinkage, excellent flexibility, strong adhesion, and high cost performance.
B-535	Polyester acrylate	Good adhesion, fast curing, excellent flexibility, and yellowing resistance.
B-546	Polyester acrylate	Good adhesion, fast curing, and excellent flexibility.
White primer
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-113	Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate	High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA.
B-160D	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility, yellowing resistance, and strong adhesion.
B-520	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, high gloss, excellent wettability, and cost-effective.
B-522	Polyester acrylate	Low shrinkage, excellent flexibility, strong adhesion, and high cost performance.
B-529	Polyester acrylate	Good adhesion, low shrinkage, and excellent resin compatibility.
B-560	Polyester acrylate	Fast curing and excellent pigment wetting.
Glossy topcoat
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-113	Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate	High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA.
B-163	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility, excellent pigment wetting, and strong adhesion.
B-165	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility and strong adhesion.
B-21C	Active amine photoinitiator	Low color, antioxidant and polymerization inhibitor, enhanced curing rate
B-301	Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate	Fast curing, good toughness, and excellent grindability.
B-302	Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate	Fast curing, high strength, good toughness, and excellent grindability.
B-574C	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, low odor, good wettability, suitable for LED UV.
B-601	Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate	High hardness, scratch resistance, chemical resistance, and excellent value for money.
B-609	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Fast curing, high hardness, scratch resistance, and chemical resistance.
B-868	Organosilicon Photocurable Resin	Good leveling, smooth finish, fast curing, and stain resistance.
B-868H	Organosilicon Photocurable Resin	Good leveling, smooth finish, fast curing, and stain resistance.
B-910A2	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Low viscosity, yellowing resistance, chemical resistance, and steel wool resistance.
B-912	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Fast curing, high hardness, good toughness, and excellent chemical and abrasion resistance.
Matte finish paint
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-160D	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility, yellowing resistance, and strong adhesion.
B-163	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility, excellent pigment wetting, and strong adhesion.
B-21C	Active amine photoinitiator	Low color, antioxidant and polymerization inhibitor, enhanced curing rate
B-328M	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Low gloss, low viscosity, good wettability, pleasant to the touch.
B-328R	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Low gloss, excellent matting effect, good wetting properties, and a fine, smooth hand feel.
B-333	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Low viscosity, good matting effect, excellent wettability, and good flexibility.
B-572	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, low odor, good wettability, suitable for LED UV.
B-650A	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Low viscosity, excellent matting effect, fast curing, and good wettability.
B-868	Organosilicon Photocurable Resin	Good leveling, smooth finish, fast curing, and stain resistance.
B-868H	Organosilicon Photocurable Resin	Good leveling, smooth finish, fast curing, and stain resistance.
B-910A2	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Low viscosity, yellowing resistance, chemical resistance, and steel wool resistance.
B-912	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Fast curing, high hardness, good toughness, and excellent chemical and abrasion resistance.
Bright white paint
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-113	Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate	High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA.
B-160D	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility, yellowing resistance, and strong adhesion.
B-301	Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate	Fast curing, good toughness, and excellent grindability.
B-302	Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate	Fast curing, high strength, good toughness, and excellent grindability.
B-560	Polyester acrylate	Fast curing and excellent pigment wetting.
B-574C	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, low odor, good wettability, suitable for LED UV.
B-601	Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate	High hardness, scratch resistance, chemical resistance, and excellent value for money.
B-868	Organosilicon Photocurable Resin	Good leveling, smooth finish, fast curing, and stain resistance.
B-868H	Organosilicon Photocurable Resin	Good leveling, smooth finish, fast curing, and stain resistance.
B-912	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Fast curing, high hardness, good toughness, and excellent chemical and abrasion resistance.
Adherent
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-05	Phosphate ester acrylate	Enhance adhesion to substrates such as metal, glass, and plastic.
B-509B	Polyester acrylate	Good adhesion, excellent flexibility, and excellent pigment wetting.
B-531	Polyester acrylate	Good adhesion, impact resistance, excellent flexibility, and yellowing resistance.
B-535	Polyester acrylate	Good adhesion, fast curing, excellent flexibility, and yellowing resistance.
B-546	Polyester acrylate	Good adhesion, fast curing, and excellent flexibility.
B-590	Polyester acrylate	Good adhesion, fast curing, and excellent pigment wetting.
Filler type
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-113	Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate	High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA.
B-520	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, high gloss, excellent wettability, and cost-effective.
B-522	Polyester acrylate	Low shrinkage, excellent flexibility, strong adhesion, and high cost performance.
B-529	Polyester acrylate	Good adhesion, low shrinkage, and excellent resin compatibility.
Retouch color
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-560	Polyester acrylate	Fast curing and excellent pigment wetting.
Hardened
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-113	Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate	High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA.
B-301	Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate	Fast curing, good toughness, and excellent grindability.
B-302	Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate	Fast curing, high strength, good toughness, and excellent grindability.
B-560	Polyester acrylate	Fast curing and excellent pigment wetting.
B-574C	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, low odor, good wettability, suitable for LED UV.
B-601	Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate	High hardness, scratch resistance, chemical resistance, and excellent value for money.
B-912	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Fast curing, high hardness, good toughness, and excellent chemical and abrasion resistance.
Matte
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-328M	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Low gloss, low viscosity, good wettability, pleasant to the touch.
B-328R	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Low gloss, excellent matting effect, good wetting properties, and a fine, smooth hand feel.
B-329D	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Low irritation, low viscosity, excellent wettability, and pleasant to the touch.
B-333	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Low viscosity, good matting effect, excellent wettability, and good flexibility.
B-650A	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Low viscosity, excellent matting effect, fast curing, and good wettability.
Solid-color paint
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-519	Self‑Curing Polyester Acrylate	Self‑initiated Photocuring Performance
B-530	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, excellent hydrophobicity, thixotropy, and improved ink mist.
B-560	Polyester acrylate	Fast curing and excellent pigment wetting.
Yellowing resistance
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-160D	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility, yellowing resistance, and strong adhesion.
B-431	Alicyclic Specialty Acrylates	Yellowing resistance, excellent wettability, low viscosity, fast curing.
Spray coating
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-160D	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility, yellowing resistance, and strong adhesion.
Roller Coating
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-100	Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate	High hardness, high gloss, excellent chemical resistance, and rich body.
B-113	Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate	High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA.
B-160D	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility, yellowing resistance, and strong adhesion.
B-163	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility, excellent pigment wetting, and strong adhesion.
B-165	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility and strong adhesion.
B-520	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, high gloss, excellent wettability, and cost-effective.
B-522	Polyester acrylate	Low shrinkage, excellent flexibility, strong adhesion, and high cost performance.
Solvent-free spraying
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-251	Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate	Fast curing, excellent flexibility, and good wetting performance with black ink pigments.
B-520	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, high gloss, excellent wettability, and cost-effective.
B-574C	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, low odor, good wettability, suitable for LED UV.
LED-UV
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-113	Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate	High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA.
B-21C	Active amine photoinitiator	Low color, antioxidant and polymerization inhibitor, enhanced curing rate
B-241	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Fast matting speed, excellent skin feel, and yellowing resistance.
B-27	Active amine photoinitiator	Low color, benzene-free, low odor, antioxidant and anti‑polymerization.
B-570	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, benzene‑free, low odor, suitable for LED UV.
B-574	Polyester acrylate	Benzene-free, low odor, and VOC levels meet cigarette packaging standards.
B-574C	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, low odor, good wettability, suitable for LED UV.
Excimer lamp
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-241	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Fast matting speed, excellent skin feel, and yellowing resistance.
Skin feel
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
B-113	Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate	High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA.
B-165	Modified epoxy acrylate	Good flexibility and strong adhesion.
B-241	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Fast matting speed, excellent skin feel, and yellowing resistance.
B-328M	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Low gloss, low viscosity, good wettability, pleasant to the touch.
B-328R	Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate	Low gloss, excellent matting effect, good wetting properties, and a fine, smooth hand feel.
B-574C	Polyester acrylate	Low viscosity, low odor, good wettability, suitable for LED UV.
B-868	Organosilicon Photocurable Resin	Good leveling, smooth finish, fast curing, and stain resistance.
B-868H	Organosilicon Photocurable Resin	Good leveling, smooth finish, fast curing, and stain resistance.
Monomer Recommendations
Product Model/English Abbreviation	Product Name/Product Type	Product Features
BM2223/TPGDA	Di(propylene glycol) diacrylate	Good flexibility and low volatility.
BM2224/EO-HDDA	Ethoxylated 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate	Good adhesion to plastics, excellent dilutability, and low volatility.
BM3231/TMPTA	Trimethylolpropane triacrylate	High crosslink density, high hardness, high gloss, and excellent wear resistance.
BM3235/PET3A	Pentaerythritol triacrylate	Fast curing, high crosslink density, high hardness, and excellent chemical resistance.
BM3380/3EO-TMPTA	Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate	More flexible and less irritating than TMPTA.
BM6261/DPHA-80	Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate	High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and abrasion resistance, and water resistance.
BM6263/DPHA-90	Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate	High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and abrasion resistance, and water resistance.

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How to Choose Raw Materials for UV Wood Coatings (Part 1)

Analyzing the Curing Requirements of UV Wood Coatings