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How to Test the Performance of UV Wood Coatings (Part 1)
Release time:
2026-04-03 16:47
Performance testing of UV wood coatings is a critical means of ensuring product quality. Among these tests, curing performance and physical properties are the most fundamental, as they directly determine whether the coating can function properly under normal use conditions and withstand everyday mechanical stresses. Curing performance testing evaluates the curing speed and degree of cure, while physical property testing assesses mechanical strength indicators such as hardness, adhesion, and abrasion resistance.
I. Curing Performance Testing
1. Curing speed
To simulate actual coating conditions, the coating material is applied uniformly to the substrate and then cured under UV irradiation. Curing completeness is assessed by finger-touch testing, cotton-ball wiping, or solvent wiping. The curing speed directly affects production efficiency and must be matched to the UV lamp power and conveyor speed of the production line. If the curing speed is too slow, it indicates insufficient reactivity of the coating or inadequate curing energy; if it is too fast, surface curing may occur while the interior remains uncured.
2. Curing Hardness
The pencil hardness test is conducted by drawing a pencil of varying hardness across the coating surface at a fixed angle and with consistent pressure; the highest pencil hardness at which no scratch is produced is taken as the test result. This parameter directly reflects the coating’s resistance to scratching. During testing, attention must be paid to the sharpening angle of the pencil and the uniformity of the applied pressure, and results obtained by different operators should exhibit good consistency.
3. Degree of Curing
The solvent wiping method can be employed: a cotton swab soaked in a specific solvent is rubbed back and forth over the coating surface to observe whether softening, dissolution, or color transfer occurs. If the coating has not fully cured, the solvent will penetrate into the coating matrix, resulting in a sticky surface or leaving visible marks after wiping. For more precise quantitative analysis, infrared spectroscopy can be used to determine the residual fraction of unreacted functional groups in the coating.
4. Deep Curing
This is especially critical for thick-coat or opaque topcoats. The testing method involves applying the coating into a mold of a specified depth, curing it, and then measuring the thickness of the cured film, or sequentially scraping away layers to examine the degree of cure at different depths. Insufficient deep-layer cure can result in a surface-dry but internally uncured coating, thereby compromising overall performance.
II. Physical Property Testing
Physical performance testing primarily evaluates the mechanical strength and durability of the topcoat, which determine the product’s resistance to damage during everyday use.
1. Adhesion
The grid-cutting method is employed. A grid cutter is used to score a grid pattern on the coating surface, with the grid spacing determined according to the coating thickness. Specialized adhesive tape is then applied over the grid area and rapidly peeled off at a specified angle, after which the proportion of the coated area that has detached is visually assessed. Adhesion testing can also be conducted using the pull-off method: a dedicated pull-off head is bonded to the coating surface, and a pull-off tester applies a vertical tensile force to measure the maximum pull-off force required to detach the coating from the substrate. This method yields quantitative adhesion data.
2. Wear Resistance
The test is conducted using a wear resistance tester. The coated test panel is securely mounted on a rotating platform, and under a specified load, a磨耗轮 (abrasion wheel) rotates across the coating to induce friction. After a predetermined number of revolutions, the wear resistance is evaluated by measuring either the loss in coating mass or the loss in coating thickness; the smaller the mass loss, the better the wear resistance. Alternatively, the number of revolutions required to completely abrade through the coating can be observed—higher numbers indicate better wear resistance. For floor topcoats, the requirement for wear resistance is particularly stringent, necessitating prolonged friction testing.
3. Flexibility
The cylindrical bending test is employed. The coated sample is wrapped around cylindrical mandrels of varying diameters, and the coating is examined for cracking or delamination at the bend. Flexibility is defined as the smallest mandrel diameter at which no failure occurs; the smaller the diameter, the better the flexibility. This parameter reflects the topcoat’s ability to accommodate wood deformation, which is particularly important for solid wood flooring and other products that deform in response to environmental changes.
4. Impact Resistance
Secure the coating sample to the test base, then release a heavy hammer from a specified height to impact either the back or front surface of the sample. Observe whether cracking, delamination, or whitening occurs at the impacted area. This test simulates accidental impacts that products may experience during use and is of significant importance for furniture, door panels, and similar products.
5. Hardness
In addition to the pencil hardness test, the pendulum hardness test can also be used. The pendulum hardness tester evaluates hardness based on the damping time of the pendulum as it swings across the coating surface; the longer the damping time, the higher the hardness. This method is more sensitive to minor variations on the coating surface and is well suited for fine comparisons among different formulations.
III. Conclusion
Testing the curing performance and physical properties of UV wood coatings is a fundamental component of quality control. Curing performance testing ensures complete cure of the coating, while physical property testing verifies that the coating possesses adequate mechanical strength. By employing scientific testing methods and adhering to stringent standards, the curing quality and physical properties of the topcoat can be effectively evaluated, thereby providing reliable assurance of product quality.
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Bossin Recommended Products – UV Wood Coatings | ||
Glossy topcoat | ||
Product Model/English Abbreviation | Product Name/Product Type | Product Features |
B-113 | Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate | High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA |
B-163 | Modified epoxy acrylate | Good flexibility, excellent pigment wetting, and strong adhesion. |
B-165 | Modified epoxy acrylate | Good flexibility and strong adhesion |
B-21C | Active amine photosensitizing promoter | Low color number, antioxidant and anti-polymerization, and enhanced curing rate |
B-301 | Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate | Fast curing, excellent toughness, and good grindability. |
B-302 | Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate | Fast curing, high strength, good toughness, and excellent grindability. |
B-574C | Polyester acrylate | Low viscosity, low odor, excellent wettability, suitable for LED UV |
B-601 | Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate | High hardness, scratch resistance, chemical resistance, and excellent cost performance. |
B-609 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Fast curing, high hardness, scratch resistance, and chemical resistance. |
B-868 | Organosilicon UV-Curable Resin | Excellent leveling, smooth finish, fast curing, and stain resistance. |
B-868H | Organosilicon UV-Curable Resin | Excellent leveling, smooth finish, fast curing, and stain resistance. |
B-910A2 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Low viscosity, yellowing resistance, chemical resistance, and steel-wool resistance. |
B-912 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Fast curing, high hardness, excellent toughness, and outstanding chemical and wear resistance. |
Matte topcoat | ||
Product Model/English Abbreviation | Product Name/Product Type | Product Features |
B-160D | Modified epoxy acrylate | Good flexibility, yellowing resistance, and strong adhesion. |
B-163 | Modified epoxy acrylate | Good flexibility, excellent pigment wetting, and strong adhesion. |
B-21C | Active amine photosensitizing promoter | Low color number, antioxidant and anti-polymerization, and enhanced curing rate |
B-328M | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Low gloss, low viscosity, excellent wettability, and a pleasant hand feel. |
B-328R | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Low gloss, excellent matting, good wetting, and a fine, smooth, and silky hand feel. |
B-333 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Low viscosity, excellent matting performance, good wetting properties, and excellent flexibility. |
B-572 | Polyester acrylate | Low viscosity, low odor, excellent wettability, suitable for LED UV |
B-650A | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Low viscosity, excellent matting effect, fast curing, and good wettability. |
B-868 | Organosilicon UV-Curable Resin | Excellent leveling, smooth finish, fast curing, and stain resistance. |
B-868H | Organosilicon UV-Curable Resin | Excellent leveling, smooth finish, fast curing, and stain resistance. |
B-910A2 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Low viscosity, yellowing resistance, chemical resistance, and steel-wool resistance. |
B-912 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Fast curing, high hardness, excellent toughness, and outstanding chemical and wear resistance. |
Bright White Finish | ||
Product Model/English Abbreviation | Product Name/Product Type | Product Features |
B-113 | Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate | High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA |
B-160D | Modified epoxy acrylate | Good flexibility, yellowing resistance, and strong adhesion. |
B-301 | Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate | Fast curing, excellent toughness, and good grindability. |
B-302 | Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate | Fast curing, high strength, good toughness, and excellent grindability. |
B-560 | Polyester acrylate | Fast curing and excellent pigment wetting |
B-574C | Polyester acrylate | Low viscosity, low odor, excellent wettability, suitable for LED UV |
B-601 | Aromatic Polyurethane Acrylate | High hardness, scratch resistance, chemical resistance, and excellent cost performance. |
B-868 | Organosilicon UV-Curable Resin | Excellent leveling, smooth finish, fast curing, and stain resistance. |
B-868H | Organosilicon UV-Curable Resin | Excellent leveling, smooth finish, fast curing, and stain resistance. |
B-912 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Fast curing, high hardness, excellent toughness, and outstanding chemical and wear resistance. |
Single Product Recommendation | ||
Product Model/English Abbreviation | Product Name/Product Type | Product Features |
| BM2223 (TPGDA) | Di(propylene glycol) diacrylate | Good flexibility and low volatility |
| BM2224 (EO-HDDA) | Ethoxylated 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate | Excellent adhesion to plastics, good dilutability, and low volatility. |
| BM3231 (TMPTA) | Trimethylolpropane triacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, high gloss, and excellent wear resistance. |
| BM3235 (PET3A) | Pentaerythritol triacrylate | Fast curing, high crosslink density, high hardness, and excellent chemical resistance. |
| BM3380 (3EO-TMPTA) | Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate | More flexible and less irritating than TMPTA. |
| BM6261 (DPHA-80) | Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and wear resistance, and water resistance. |
| BM6263 (DPHA-90) | Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and wear resistance, and water resistance. |
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