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Analysis of Common Issues with UV PCB Ink
Release time:
2026-01-12 16:53
In the production of printed circuit boards, the application of UV-curable inks is of paramount importance, as the quality of their coating and curing directly affects the board’s surface integrity, electrical performance, and long-term reliability. In actual manufacturing, the UV ink coating process often encounters a range of typical issues; the following section summarizes and analyzes these common problems and their underlying causes.
I. Insufficient Curing
Poor curing typically manifests as low surface hardness of the ink, easy abrasion, poor solvent resistance, and potentially degraded electrical insulation performance. The primary causes include: insufficient UV light intensity or aging of the lamp tubes, inadequate exposure time, and improper arrangement of the UV lamps; insufficient or deactivated photoinitiator content in the ink formulation; ambient temperature and humidity outside the process specifications, or inadequate ventilation; and low substrate surface energy or incomplete surface pretreatment.
II. Poor Adhesion
Insufficient adhesion between the ink and the substrate can easily lead to coating delamination and cracking, exposing the underlying circuitry and increasing the risk of short circuits or open circuits. The main contributing factors include: contamination, oxidation, or moisture on the substrate surface; incompatibility between the ink system and the substrate; improper setting of printing pressure or speed; and failure to meet process requirements for curing temperature and time.
III. Coating Bubbles and Porosity
In large-area coverage regions such as copper surfaces, bubbles or microscopic voids may form beneath the ink layer, compromising both the protective performance and the aesthetic appearance. Common causes include: inadequate cleaning during substrate pretreatment resulting in residual contaminants on the surface; uneven ink mixing or entrainment of air during mixing; inconsistent printing thickness; and improper control of subsequent baking or solder-spray processes.
IV. Abnormal Ink Viscosity
Excessively high viscosity can result in jagged edges and poor registration in printed graphics, while excessively low viscosity may lead to ink overflow and distortion of the print image. Viscosity variations are typically influenced by the ink formulation, ambient temperature, the diluent-to-ink ratio, and the storage duration of the ink.
V. Printing Graphic Defects
Incomplete printing patterns, blurred edges, or stringing are often associated with mismatches in process parameters such as squeegee hardness, screen tension, and printing speed; an imbalance between ink flowability and drying rate; or improper selection of screen mesh count or screen blockage.
VI. Abnormal Surface Condition
After curing, the ink surface may exhibit pitting, white spots, or unevenness, which can be caused by: insufficient substrate cleanliness due to dust or oil contamination; contamination of the ink during production; or wear of the doctor blade or localized damage to the screen mesh.
VII. The Problem of Over-Curing
Excessively long curing times or excessively high UV intensity can lead to embrittlement of the ink film, reduced flexibility, and weakened interlayer adhesion, making the coating prone to cracking during subsequent assembly or use.
VIII. Plugging Holes and Blasting Holes
In the via-fill process, incomplete ink filling or post-curing shrinkage and cracking can compromise electrical interconnect reliability. The primary causes include poor alignment of the exposure mask, unstable vacuum adhesion, improper pre-bake conditions, or defects in the mask design.
IX. Summary
Various process issues encountered in the application of UV PCB inks are closely related to material selection, equipment condition, parameter settings, and environmental control. By systematically analyzing the root causes and implementing appropriate process optimization measures, the quality of ink coating can be effectively improved, ensuring circuit board performance and reliability while meeting the increasingly stringent requirements of advanced electronic manufacturing.
Disclaimer: The above content has been compiled from public sources for reference only; if any infringement occurs, please contact us and we will address it promptly.
| Bossin Recommended Products – UV Ink | ||
| Offset printing ink | ||
| Product Model/English Abbreviation | Product Name/Product Type | Product Features |
| B-153 | Modified epoxy acrylate | Good flexibility, excellent pigment wetting, and strong adhesion. |
| B-530 | Polyester acrylate | Low viscosity, excellent hydrophobicity, thixotropy, and improved ink misting. |
| B-536 | Polyester acrylate | Excellent adhesion, rapid curing, and good pigment wetting. |
| B-560 | Polyester acrylate | Fast curing and excellent pigment wetting |
| B-590 | Polyester acrylate | Excellent adhesion, rapid curing, and good pigment wetting. |
| BM3231 (TMPTA) | Trimethylolpropane triacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, high gloss, and excellent wear resistance. |
| BM3380 (3EO-TMPTA) | Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate | More flexible and less irritating than TMPTA. |
| BM3384 (3PO-GPTA) | Propylene Oxide Glycerol Triacrylate | Good flexibility, low irritation, and excellent pigment wetting. |
| BM4241 (DiTMPTA-80) | Bis(2-hydroxymethyl)propane tetraacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and wear resistance, and water resistance. |
| BM4242 (Di-TMPTA) | Bis(3-hydroxypropyl) tetraacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and wear resistance, and water resistance. |
| BM6261 (DPHA-80) | Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and wear resistance, and water resistance. |
| BM6263 (DPHA-90) | Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and wear resistance, and water resistance. |
| Flexographic ink | ||
| Product Model/English Abbreviation | Product Name/Product Type | Product Features |
| B-113 | Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate | High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA. |
| B-21 | Active amine photosensitizing promoter | Low color number, benzene-free, antioxidant and polymerization inhibitor, enhances curing rate |
| B-21C | Active amine photosensitizing promoter | Low color number, antioxidant and anti-polymerization, and enhanced curing rate |
| B-270 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Low viscosity, good flexibility, excellent wettability, and excellent leveling. |
| B-296 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Fast curing, chemical resistance, yellowing resistance, and impact resistance. |
| B-431 | Cycloaliphatic Specialty Acrylates | Yellowing resistance, excellent wettability, low viscosity, and fast curing |
| B-509B | Polyester acrylate | Good adhesion, good flexibility, and excellent pigment wetting |
| B-520 | Polyester acrylate | Low viscosity, high gloss, excellent wettability, and excellent cost performance. |
| B-522 | Polyester acrylate | Low shrinkage, excellent flexibility, strong adhesion, and high cost-effectiveness. |
| B-546 | Polyester acrylate | Excellent adhesion, rapid curing, and good flexibility. |
| B-560 | Polyester acrylate | Fast curing and excellent pigment wetting |
| B-574C | Polyester acrylate | Low viscosity, low odor, excellent wettability, suitable for LED UV |
| B-590 | Polyester acrylate | Excellent adhesion, rapid curing, and good pigment wetting. |
| BM2223 (TPGDA) | Di(propylene glycol) diacrylate | Good flexibility and low volatility |
| BM2224 (EO-HDDA) | Ethoxylated 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate | Excellent adhesion to plastics, good dilutability, and low volatility. |
| BM3231 (TMPTA) | Trimethylolpropane triacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, high gloss, and excellent wear resistance. |
| BM3380 (3EO-TMPTA) | Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate | More flexible and less irritating than TMPTA. |
| BM3384 (3PO-GPTA) | Propylene Oxide Glycerol Triacrylate | Good flexibility, low irritation, and excellent pigment wetting. |
| BM4241 (DiTMPTA-80) | Bis(2-hydroxymethyl)propane tetraacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and wear resistance, and water resistance. |
| BM4242 (Di-TMPTA) | Bis(3-hydroxypropyl) tetraacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and wear resistance, and water resistance. |
| Intaglio ink | ||
| Product Model/English Abbreviation | Product Name/Product Type | Product Features |
| B-113 | Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate | High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA. |
| B-163 | Modified epoxy acrylate | Good flexibility, excellent pigment wetting, and strong adhesion. |
| B-509B | Polyester acrylate | Good adhesion, good flexibility, and excellent pigment wetting |
| B-574C | Polyester acrylate | Low viscosity, low odor, excellent wettability, suitable for LED UV |
| BM2223 (TPGDA) | Di(propylene glycol) diacrylate | Good flexibility and low volatility |
| BM2224 (EO-HDDA) | Ethoxylated 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate | Excellent adhesion to plastics, good dilutability, and low volatility. |
| BM3231 (TMPTA) | Trimethylolpropane triacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, high gloss, and excellent wear resistance. |
| BM3380 (3EO-TMPTA) | Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate | More flexible and less irritating than TMPTA. |
| BM3384 (3PO-GPTA) | Propylene Oxide Glycerol Triacrylate | Good flexibility, low irritation, and excellent pigment wetting. |
| Screen printing ink | ||
| Product Model/English Abbreviation | Product Name/Product Type | Product Features |
| B-113 | Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate | High hardness, high gloss, high fullness, containing 20% TPGDA. |
| B-151 | Modified epoxy acrylate | Low halogen, yellowing resistance, excellent plating performance, and strong adhesion. |
| B-153 | Modified epoxy acrylate | Good flexibility, excellent pigment wetting, and strong adhesion. |
| B-163 | Modified epoxy acrylate | Good flexibility, excellent pigment wetting, and strong adhesion. |
| B-21 | Active amine photosensitizing promoter | Low color number, benzene-free, antioxidant and polymerization inhibitor, enhances curing rate |
| B-216 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Fast curing, high fullness, and excellent toughness |
| B-27 | Active amine photosensitizing promoter | Low color number, benzene-free, low odor, antioxidant and anti-polymerization |
| B-296 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Fast curing, chemical resistance, yellowing resistance, and impact resistance. |
| B-371 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Good surface drying, good flexibility, and excellent gloss retention. |
| B-509B | Polyester acrylate | Good adhesion, good flexibility, and excellent pigment wetting |
| B-522 | Polyester acrylate | Low shrinkage, excellent flexibility, strong adhesion, and high cost-effectiveness. |
| B-531 | Polyester acrylate | Excellent adhesion, impact resistance, good flexibility, and yellowing resistance. |
| B-535 | Polyester acrylate | Excellent adhesion, rapid curing, good flexibility, and yellowing resistance. |
| B-546 | Polyester acrylate | Excellent adhesion, rapid curing, and good flexibility. |
| B-590 | Polyester acrylate | Excellent adhesion, rapid curing, and good pigment wetting. |
| BM2223 (TPGDA) | Di(propylene glycol) diacrylate | Good flexibility and low volatility |
| BM2224 (EO-HDDA) | Ethoxylated 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate | Excellent adhesion to plastics, good dilutability, and low volatility. |
| BM3231 (TMPTA) | Trimethylolpropane triacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, high gloss, and excellent wear resistance. |
| BM3380 (3EO-TMPTA) | Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate | More flexible and less irritating than TMPTA. |
| BM3384 (3PO-GPTA) | Propylene Oxide Glycerol Triacrylate | Good flexibility, low irritation, and excellent pigment wetting. |
| BM6261 (DPHA-80) | Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and wear resistance, and water resistance. |
| BM6263 (DPHA-90) | Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and wear resistance, and water resistance. |
| Solder Mask Ink | ||
| Product Model/English Abbreviation | Product Name/Product Type | Product Features |
| B-05 | Phosphate ester acrylate | Enhances adhesion to substrates such as metal, glass, and plastic. |
| B-191A | Phenolic Epoxy Acrylate | Fast curing and excellent heat resistance |
| B-196S | Modified o-Cresol Formaldehyde Epoxy Acrylate | Fast curing, excellent heat resistance, and superior development performance. |
| BM3231 (TMPTA) | Trimethylolpropane triacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, high gloss, and excellent wear resistance. |
| BM6261 (DPHA-80) | Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and wear resistance, and water resistance. |
| BM6263 (DPHA-90) | Dipentaerythritol hexaacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and wear resistance, and water resistance. |
| UV inkjet | ||
| Product Model/English Abbreviation | Product Name/Product Type | Product Features |
| B-21 | Active amine photosensitizing promoter | Low color number, benzene-free, antioxidant and polymerization inhibitor, enhances curing rate |
| B-27 | Active amine photosensitizing promoter | Low color number, benzene-free, low odor, antioxidant and anti-polymerization |
| B-270 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Low viscosity, good flexibility, excellent wettability, and excellent leveling. |
| B-271 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Flexibility, low shrinkage, weather resistance, and pigment wetting |
| B-39 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Low viscosity, good flexibility, and low volatility. |
| B-570 | Polyester acrylate | Low viscosity, benzene-free, low odor, suitable for LED UV |
| B-572 | Polyester acrylate | Low viscosity, low odor, excellent wettability, suitable for LED UV |
| B-574 | Polyester acrylate | Benzene-free, low odor, and VOC levels meet cigarette pack standards. |
| B-574C | Polyester acrylate | Low viscosity, low odor, excellent wettability, suitable for LED UV |
| B-609 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Fast curing, high hardness, scratch resistance, and chemical resistance. |
| B-619W | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Fast curing, high hardness, good toughness, wear resistance, and chemical resistance. |
| BM1211 (HPMA) | Hydroxypropyl methacrylate | HEMA-free, high strength, low irritation, high adhesion |
| BM2223 (TPGDA) | Di(propylene glycol) diacrylate | Good flexibility and low volatility |
| BM2224 (EO-HDDA) | Ethoxylated 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate | Excellent adhesion to plastics, good dilutability, and low volatility. |
| BM3231 (TMPTA) | Trimethylolpropane triacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, high gloss, and excellent wear resistance. |
| BM3380 (3EO-TMPTA) | Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate | More flexible and less irritating than TMPTA. |
| BM3384 (3PO-GPTA) | Propylene Oxide Glycerol Triacrylate | Good flexibility, low irritation, and excellent pigment wetting. |
| Glass protection | ||
| Product Model/English Abbreviation | Product Name/Product Type | Product Features |
| B-503 | Polyester acrylate | Fast curing, excellent flexibility, low viscosity, and minimal irritation. |
| B-52 | Polyester acrylate | Fast curing, excellent flexibility, low volatility, and minimal irritation. |
| B-583 | Polyester acrylate | Fast curing, excellent flexibility, low viscosity, and etching resistance. |
| BM3231 (TMPTA) | Trimethylolpropane triacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, high gloss, and excellent wear resistance. |
| Wrinkled Snowflake | ||
| Product Model/English Abbreviation | Product Name/Product Type | Product Features |
| B-100 | Bisphenol A epoxy acrylate | High hardness, high gloss, excellent chemical resistance, and high fullness. |
| B-371 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Good surface drying, good flexibility, and excellent gloss retention. |
| B-431 | Cycloaliphatic Specialty Acrylates | Yellowing resistance, excellent wettability, low viscosity, and fast curing |
| B-574 | Polyester acrylate | Benzene-free, low odor, and VOC levels meet cigarette pack standards. |
| BM2223 (TPGDA) | Di(propylene glycol) diacrylate | Good flexibility and low volatility |
| BM2224 (EO-HDDA) | Ethoxylated 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate | Excellent adhesion to plastics, good dilutability, and low volatility. |
| BM3231 (TMPTA) | Trimethylolpropane triacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, high gloss, and excellent wear resistance. |
| BM3380 (3EO-TMPTA) | Ethoxylated trimethylolpropane triacrylate | More flexible and less irritating than TMPTA. |
| BM3384 (3PO-GPTA) | Propylene Oxide Glycerol Triacrylate | Good flexibility, low irritation, and excellent pigment wetting. |
| BM4241 (DiTMPTA-80) | Bis(2-hydroxymethyl)propane tetraacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and wear resistance, and water resistance. |
| BM4242 (Di-TMPTA) | Bis(3-hydroxypropyl) tetraacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, chemical and wear resistance, and water resistance. |
| Tinplate ink | ||
| Product Model/English Abbreviation | Product Name/Product Type | Product Features |
| B-374 | Aliphatic polyurethane acrylate | Excellent flexibility, good leveling, excellent abrasion and chemical resistance, and yellowing resistance. |
| B-431 | Cycloaliphatic Specialty Acrylates | Yellowing resistance, excellent wettability, low viscosity, and fast curing |
| B-509B | Polyester acrylate | Good adhesion, good flexibility, and excellent pigment wetting |
| B-531 | Polyester acrylate | Excellent adhesion, impact resistance, good flexibility, and yellowing resistance. |
| BM2223 (TPGDA) | Di(propylene glycol) diacrylate | Good flexibility and low volatility |
| BM2224 (EO-HDDA) | Ethoxylated 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate | Excellent adhesion to plastics, good dilutability, and low volatility. |
| BM3231 (TMPTA) | Trimethylolpropane triacrylate | High crosslink density, high hardness, high gloss, and excellent wear resistance. |
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